What Happens When You Pull a Muscle

We’ve all been there—one moment you’re pushing through a workout, the next you’re wincing in pain, clutching a muscle that just doesn’t feel right. While you’ve probably heard of a pulled muscle, have you taken a moment to consider what it means? Understanding the basics of muscle strain and how it occurs isn’t just helpful general knowledge, it makes a significant difference in your fitness journey. Here at Cairnhill Physiotherapy, we’re shedding light on this common setback so you can avoid unnecessary pain, and get back to doing what you love.

 

Understanding Muscle Strains

We find the best way to understand muscle strains is by imagining your muscles as a network of tiny, elastic fibres working together to power your movements. The human body contains three different types of muscles: cardiac, skeletal, and visceral. Of these, we only have control over our skeletal muscles, such as our biceps, which makes them more prone to injury. A muscle strain, or pulled muscle, occurs when these fibres or the tendons connecting muscle to bone get pushed beyond their limit, causing them to overstretch or tear.

Pulling a muscle can range from minor over stretches to severe partial or complete tears. These injuries, known as strains, most commonly affect the lower back and hamstrings. It’s important to distinguish strains from sprains: while strains involve injuries to muscles or tendons, sprains involve the bands of tissue that connect two bones.

Activities that require sudden bursts of energy or intense exertion, such as sprinting, heavy lifting, or quick directional changes in sports, often lead to these injuries. By understanding how strains happen, you can better appreciate the importance of proper warm-ups, technique, and knowing your limits—key steps to keeping those muscle fibres strong and resilient.

 

Symptoms of a Pulled Muscle 

Recognising the symptoms of a muscle strain is crucial for timely and effective treatment. Here’s what you should look out for:

• Pain and Tenderness: One of the most immediate signs of a muscle strain is pain. This can range from mild discomfort to severe pain, depending on the severity of the strain. 
• Swelling and Bruising: Strains often cause inflammation, leading to swelling and, in some cases, bruising around the injured muscle. 
• Limited Range of Motion: A strained muscle may lose some of its flexibility, making it difficult to move the affected part of your body through its full range of motion.
• Muscle Weakness or Stiffness: Depending on the severity of the strain, you might experience weakness in the muscle, making it hard to use it effectively.

 

The Three Grades of Muscle Strain 

Muscle strains are typically classified into three grades, each indicating the severity of the injury:

• Grade 1 Muscle Strain: This is a mild strain with minimal impact on your muscle’s strength or motion. You might feel a sudden twinge, and there may be slight inflammation but overall, your muscle remains largely functional.
• Grade 2 Muscle Strain: More serious than a grade 1 strain, a grade 2 strain involves a greater degree of injury. Your muscle hasn’t completely torn, but you’ll have significantly less strength and motion in the affected muscle. Swelling and bruising are more pronounced, and recovery can take around two months.
• Grade 3 Muscle Strain: This is a severe injury where the muscle tears into two pieces or shears away from the tendon. You won’t be able to use the muscle and will experience significant pain, swelling, and bruising. This type of strain often requires surgical repair and a longer recovery period.

 

Treatment and Recovery 

When it comes to treating and recovering from a muscle strain, taking the right steps immediately and continuing with appropriate care can make a significant difference in healing time and overall recovery. We’ve got two handy acronyms to help break down the correct steps.  

 

Immediate Actions (PEACE) 

Protection: To prevent further damage, avoid any activities that exacerbate the injury. Resting the affected muscle is crucial in the early stages of recovery.

Elevation: Elevate the injured area above the level of your heart as much as possible. This helps reduce swelling by allowing fluids to drain away from the site of the injury.

Avoid Anti-inflammatories: While it might be tempting to reach for anti-inflammatory medications, they can actually impede the natural healing process of muscle tissues. Let your body’s natural inflammation process work to repair the injury.

Compression: Apply a compression bandage to the injured area. This can help control swelling and provide some support to the muscle, aiding in the healing process.

Education: Understanding your injury and the best ways to treat it is essential. Consult with a healthcare professional to get accurate information about your specific strain and the most effective treatment plan.

 

Ongoing Care (LOVE) 

Load: Gradually reintroduce movement and weight to the injured muscle. Start with gentle exercises and slowly increase the intensity as your muscle heals. This helps rebuild strength and flexibility without causing further injury.

Optimism: Maintaining a positive mindset is vital for a successful recovery. Stay focused on your progress and set realistic goals.

Vascularisation: Encourage blood flow to the injured muscle through light activities such as walking or gentle stretching. Increased blood flow delivers essential nutrients to the muscle, aiding in recovery.

Exercise: Engage in rehabilitation exercises designed to restore the muscle’s function. These exercises should be tailored to your specific injury and recovery stage, helping to regain strength, flexibility, and mobility. Working with a physiotherapist can ensure you perform the right exercises correctly.

 

Prevention Tips

Preventing muscle strains involves a few key practices:

• Warm Up Properly: Always warm up before physical activities to increase blood flow and prepare your muscles. Light aerobic exercises followed by dynamic stretches can help loosen your muscles and joints.
• Stretch Regularly: Incorporate both dynamic stretching before workouts and static stretching after workouts to maintain flexibility. This helps keep your muscles supple and less prone to injury.
• Strength Training: Engage in regular strength training exercises to build muscle resilience. Focus on all major muscle groups to enhance overall stability and reduce the risk of strains.
• Proper Technique and Posture: Ensure you use the correct technique and maintain good posture in all activities and sports. This minimises undue stress on your muscles and reduces the likelihood of injury.

 

When to Seek Professional Help

Sometimes, despite our best preventative efforts, injuries happen. When they do, it’s important to know when to seek a professional. If you experience severe pain, significant swelling, or difficulty moving the affected muscle, it’s time to consult a physiotherapist. The experts here at Cairnhill will provide a personalised rehabilitation plan tailored to your specific needs, ensuring a quicker and more effective recovery. Physiotherapists will also help identify any underlying issues that may have contributed to the injury, offering targeted exercises and treatments to prevent future strains. Personalised plans not only expedite healing but also restore strength, flexibility, and functionality, helping you get back to your routine with confidence.

 

Conclusion

Prioritising muscle health is essential for maintaining an active and injury-free lifestyle. By understanding how muscle strains occur and taking steps to prevent them, you can keep your muscles strong and resilient. Remember, booking for professional advice when necessary ensures that you get the best care and recovery plan tailored to your needs. Don’t let a muscle strain sideline you—stay informed, stay proactive, and keep moving forward with Cairnhill Physiotherapy.